The one question that decides everything

Apostille or Attestation?
It Depends Entirely on the Destination.

Not on the document, not on who issued it, and not on which service someone is trying to sell you. If the destination country is in the Hague Apostille Convention you need an apostille. If it is not, an apostille is legally meaningless there and you need embassy attestation instead.

Check your destination

Pick the Country. Get the Answer.

An apostille is only valid for Hague Convention countries — 130 of them as of 30 June 2026. Everywhere else needs embassy attestation instead, which is a different and longer process. Check before you order, not after.

130 Contracting Parties, verified against the HCCH status table on 30 June 2026. Status is calculated against today's date, so a country whose accession has not yet taken effect shows as pending until the day it does.

Status is calculated against today's date, not against whenever this page was last edited — so a country whose accession has not yet taken effect shows as pending until the day it does.

The Three Categories

There Are Three Answers, Not Two

Most guides give you two — Hague or not. The third category is where documents quietly get rejected.

1 — Contracting Parties

130 countries. Apostille.

One MEA apostille sticker and the document is valid. No embassy, no consulate, no second step. As of30 June 2026 that list covers almost all of Europe and the Americas, plus Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, mainland China, Singapore and Canada.

2 — Not Contracting Parties

Embassy attestation. An apostille will be rejected.

United Arab EmiratesQatarKuwaitEgyptMalaysiaIraqIran

These need the document attested by the MEA and then by the destination country's embassy or consulate in India — a longer and more expensive chain. We do not offer that service, and we say so rather than take the order.

3 — Acceded, but not yet in force

The trap almost nobody flags.

Algeriain force 9 July 2026
Vietnamin force 11 September 2026
Thailandin force 28 February 2027

These countries have signed up, so they appear on "Hague member" lists — but the Convention is not in force there yet, and until it is, an apostille has no legal effect. Anyone listing them as apostille destinations today is telling you something that will get your documents refused. After the in-force date the answer flips, and the checker above handles that on the day without anyone editing this page.

The Gulf is not uniformly non-Hague — this is where most sites go wrong

Bahrain, Oman and Saudi Arabia are Contracting Parties and do take an apostille:

Bahrain — in force 31 December 2013Oman — in force 30 January 2012Saudi Arabia — in force 7 December 2022

The UAE, Qatar and Kuwait are not. Published guidance in this industry routinely lists all six together as "attestation countries" — three right and three wrong — and the error costs whoever acts on it either a wasted apostille or an unnecessary embassy chain.

Scope

What We Do, and What We Don't

We do this

  • · MEA apostille of India-issued personal documents via the SDM route, for Hague destinations
  • · US apostille of US-issued documents for use in India — the opposite direction, same company

We don't do this

  • · Embassy or consular attestation for non-Hague destinations
  • · Educational documents via State HRD, or commercial documents via a Chamber of Commerce — quoted on request only

If your destination is in the second category above, we are not the right people and we would rather tell you now. An apostille bought for the UAE is money spent on a document that gets handed back at the counter, and you would be right to be angry about it.

Sources

Where These Numbers Come From

130 Contracting Parties as of 30 June 2026, verified against theHCCH status tablefor Convention No. 12 — the treaty's own depositary, and the only authoritative source for this figure.

The count is asserted against our country data every time this site builds. If someone adds a country and forgets to update the number, the build fails rather than publishing a figure that has quietly drifted.

We are explicit about sourcing because the published figures in this industry disagree with each other and with HCCH. Counts of 105, 106, 114, 117, 120 and 124 are all in circulation, one site publishes three different numbers across its own pages, and a widely-cited guide carrying a named author, editor and reviewer states India has been a signatory since 1961 — the Convention's own date, not India's, off by more than four decades. A wrong party count is not a trivial slip. It is the number that decides whether the service you are buying works at all.

FAQ

Apostille vs Attestation — Common Questions

What is the difference between an apostille and attestation?

An apostille is a single certificate that makes a document valid in every other Hague Apostille Convention country — 130 of them. Embassy attestation is a longer chain used for countries outside the Convention: the document is attested by the issuing country's foreign ministry and then by the destination country's embassy or consulate. Which one you need depends entirely on the destination, never on the document.

Is an apostille required for the UAE?

No — and an apostille will not be accepted there. The UAE is not a Hague Convention Contracting Party, so a document going to the UAE needs MEA attestation followed by UAE embassy attestation, and usually MOFA attestation on arrival. Any provider quoting you an "apostille for the UAE" is selling you something that does not work.

Is Saudi Arabia a Hague Convention country?

Yes. The Convention entered into force for Saudi Arabia on 7 December 2022 and an apostille is valid there. Bahrain (31 December 2013) and Oman (30 January 2012) are also parties. Treating the whole Gulf as non-Hague is one of the two commonest errors in this industry — the other is treating the UAE, Qatar and Kuwait as apostille destinations.

When did India join the Hague Apostille Convention?

India acceded on 26 October 2004 and the Convention entered into force for India on 14 July 2005. You will find "India has been a signatory since 1961" published by well-credentialed sources — that is the date of the Convention itself, not India's accession, and it is wrong by more than four decades.

What is the difference between an apostille and notarisation?

A notary attests a signature or certifies that a copy is true, and that has legal effect only within the country where the notary is licensed. An apostille authenticates the notary's own authority so the document is recognised abroad. For privately-made documents the two are sequential rather than alternatives — notary first, then the SDM, then the apostille.

What is the difference between apostille and legalisation?

Legalisation is the general term for making a document valid in another country. An apostille is the simplified single-step form that the Hague Convention created between its member states. Consular or embassy legalisation is the older multi-step form still used everywhere else.

Can an embassy or consulate issue an apostille?

No. An apostille is issued only by the designated Competent Authority of the country where the document originated — for Indian documents the Ministry of External Affairs, for US documents the US Department of State or the issuing state's Secretary of State. No embassy or consulate anywhere issues apostilles, including the US Embassy in Delhi.

My destination has just joined the Convention. Can I apostille now?

Not necessarily. Accession and entry into force are different dates, often more than a year apart, and an apostille has no legal effect before the in-force date. Viet Nam and Thailand are both in that position right now. The checker at the top of this page calculates status against today's date, so it will tell you which side of the line your destination is on.

Someone offered "MEA apostille" for my US-issued document. Is that legitimate?

No — it is the wrong direction. India's MEA apostilles Indian documents for use abroad. It has no authority over a US document, and an "MEA apostille" on a US degree or birth certificate will be rejected by whoever asked for it. A US document must be apostilled inside the United States.

What is e-Sanad, and is it the same as an apostille?

e-Sanad is the Indian government's own platform for verifying documents digitally from issuing authorities that have been onboarded to it. It is not an apostille and does not replace one for most foreign authorities, which still require the physical sticker. Where e-Sanad does cover your document and your destination accepts it, it is free and it is the better option — we will tell you so.

Still Not Sure Which
One You Need?

Tell us the document and the destination country. We will tell you which service applies — including when the answer is that we cannot help.

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